化学刺激法提高花岗岩类岩石裂隙渗透性的实验研究     

郭清海  何曈  庄亚芹  骆进  张灿海 《地学前缘》2020,27(1):159-169

增强型地热系统(EGS)用于通过人工形成地热储层的方法从深部低渗透性岩体中开采地热能;国际上常采用水力压裂辅以化学刺激的方法改造EGS 储层以提高其渗透率。本文以采自青海共和盆地的花岗闪长岩样品为对象,选用3种不同化学刺激剂(氢氧化钠、盐酸和土酸),在3组不同注入流速条件下开展了系统化学刺激实验。结果表明:注入盐酸和土酸后样品渗透率均有提高,且采用土酸时渗透率提高幅度明显大于盐酸;但注入氢氧化钠后,样品渗透率反而降低。在3类化学刺激剂中,土酸对长石类矿物的溶蚀能力最强,而氢氧化钠溶液对石英的溶蚀能力最强,但氢氧化钠溶液在溶解岩石样品裂隙表面矿物后极易形成非定形态二氧化硅或非定形态铝硅酸盐蚀变矿物并阻塞裂隙,反而对化学刺激效果造成负面影响。总体来看,土酸是青海共和盆地干热岩体的最佳化学刺激剂。在中等注入速度(3 mL·min^-1)条件下,土酸对岩石样品的溶蚀程度就可达到最高;在此基础上进一步降低流速,则可能使溶解组分更易从液相中沉淀而充填于样品裂隙,导致样品渗透率有所下降。  相似文献   

青海共和盆地地热资源热源机制与聚热模式   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

唐显春  王贵玲  马岩  张代磊  刘忠  赵旭  程天君 《地质学报》2020,94(7):2052-2065

青海共和盆地东侧贵德扎仓热田是探讨共和盆地地热资源成因的关键地区。本文综合区域地质、岩石热物性、同位素年代学、水文地球化学和地球物理测量等方法,重点分析了共和盆地的构造背景和热源机制,深入研究了共和盆地地热能系统的关键环节。研究发现:①识别出盆地地壳15 km以下深度发育高导体,并可与新生代青藏高原东部中-下地壳发育的层状低速高导层对比;②近NW-NS向的瓦里贡左旋走滑逆冲断裂是扎仓热田重要的控热和导热断裂;③晚中生代花岗岩与上覆围岩具有显著的热导率;④温泉氢氧同位素指示水源以地表水补给为主;⑤存在浅层新生界碎屑岩中-低温热储和深层花岗岩中-高温热储,发育四层两类地热资源。综合分析提出了共和盆地干热岩三元聚热模式:即新生代中-下地壳发育的高温低速高导层是主要热源,中晚三叠世花岗岩是良好的导热和储热体,既是干热岩母岩,也是热储,新生代低热导率沉积岩是良好的盖层。研究对于青藏高原地热成因、资源预测、开发规划等具有参考意义。  相似文献   

早渐新世钙质超微化石演变与营养盐及二氧化碳关系     

马瑞罡  杨海长  金晓波  赵钊  张功成  刘传联 《海洋学报(英文版)》2020,39(10):70-80

南海北部早渐新世发生明显的营养供给和二氧化碳浓度的变化，相关地质记录为研究颗石藻的生理机制提供了理想的自然实验室。在本研究中，我们建立了一个新的颗石藻群落演化的指标，定义为E*比值。该比值由富营养属种和中等-贫营养属种的相对丰度计算而得（E^*=e/(e+c)×100，e代表富营养属种，c代表中等-贫营养属种）。其中富营养属种包括小Reticulofenestra， Reticulofenestra lockeri组，Reticulofenestra bisecta组和Coccolithus pelagicus组，而中等-贫营养属种包括Cyclicargolithus spp.。E^*指标与早渐新世营养盐指标具有较强的相关性，但在不同二氧化碳浓度的条件下表现不同的公变趋势。将群落组合与已发表的二氧化碳浓度数据对比，我们提出颗石藻可能在二氧化碳持续降低的环境下改变其对碳源和营养盐的利用方式，指示颗石藻的碳浓缩机制可能开始于早渐新世。  相似文献   

Effect of different registration methods on precision of orientation based on RTK registration/georeferencing mode     

Shengming Hu  Zhijian Chen  Chenghui Wan  Chun Tang  Wen Xiong 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2020,38(4):385-392

Abstract

Compared with traditional methods, the three-dimensional laser-scanning (3D-LS) technique can efficiently acquire many high-quality geometric properties of rock discontinuities. In practice, engineers usually prefer to simplify the processing by using single-station point data and roughly orienting owing to the complexity of registration/georeferencing multi-station point data. However, prior published studies have paid little attention to the accuracy and reliability when determining discontinuity orientations using 3D-LS. We propose a reliable and accurate method with robust on-site applicability. As part of an ongoing effort, we are evaluating the precision of the commonly used coarse registration method and the fine registration method, and promoted the optimized coarse- and fine-registration methods and evaluated their precision. It is found that: (1) the common and the optimized registration method can meet our project’s engineering requirements, and the optimized registration method improved accuracy in the dip direction by approximately 1°; (2) fine registration using an iterative closest point (ICP) algorithm can correct both dip direction and dip angle; and (3) the orientation is of high precision with commonly used coarse and fine registration, whereas the optimization effect to correct the orientation is slightly limited.  相似文献   

Climate driven coevolution of weathering profiles and hillslope topography generates dramatic differences in critical zone architecture     

Robert S. Anderson  Harihar Rajaram  Suzanne P. Anderson 《水文研究》2019,33(1):4-19

Considerable debate revolves around the relative importance of rock type, tectonics, and climate in creating the architecture of the critical zone. We demonstrate the importance of climate and in particular the rate of water recharge to the subsurface, using numerical models that incorporate hydrologic flowpaths, chemical weathering, and geomorphic rules for soil production and transport. We track alterations in both solid phase (plagioclase to clay) and water chemistry along hydrologic flowpaths that include lateral flow beneath the water table. To isolate the role of recharge, we simulate dry and wet cases and prescribe identical landscape evolution rules. The weathering patterns that develop differ dramatically beneath the resulting parabolic interfluves. In the dry case, incomplete weathering is shallow and surface parallel, whereas in the wet case, intense weathering occurs to depths approximating the base of the bounding channels, well below the water table. Exploration of intermediate cases reveals that the weathering state of the subsurface is strongly governed by the ratio of the rate of advance of the weathering front itself controlled by the water input rate, and the rate of erosion of the landscape. The system transitions between these end‐member behaviours rather abruptly at a weathering front speed ‐ erosion rate ratio of approximately 1. Although there are undoubtedly direct roles for tectonics and rock type in critical zone architecture, and yet more likely feedbacks between these and climate, we show here that differences in hillslope‐scale weathering patterns can be strongly controlled by climate.  相似文献   

Static and dynamic conceptual model of a complexly fractured crystalline rock aquifer     

Evan Earnest  David Boutt  Larry Murdoch  William P. Clement 《水文研究》2019,33(20):2691-2710

A conceptual model of anisotropic and dynamic permeability is developed from hydrogeologic and hydromechanical characterization of a foliated, complexly fractured, crystalline rock aquifer at Gates Pond, Berlin, Massachusetts. Methods of investigation include aquifer‐pumping tests, long‐term hydrologic monitoring, fracture characterization, downhole heat‐pulse flow meter measurements, in situ extensometer testing, and earth tide analysis. A static conceptual model is developed from observations of depth‐dependent and anisotropic permeability that effectively compartmentalizes the aquifer as a function of foliation intensity. Superimposed on the static model is dynamic permeability as a function of hydraulic head in which transient bulk aquifer transmissivity is proportional to changes in hydraulic head due to hydromechanical coupling. The dynamic permeability concept is built on observations that fracture aperture changes as a function of hydraulic head, as measured during in situ extensometer testing of individual fractures, and observed changes in bulk aquifer transmissivity as determined from earth tides during seasonal changes in hydraulic head, with higher transmissivity during periods of high hydraulic head, and lower transmissivity during periods of relatively lower hydraulic head. A final conceptual model is presented that captures both the static and dynamic properties of the aquifer. The workflow presented here demonstrates development of a conceptual framework for building numerical models of complexly fractured, foliated, crystalline rock aquifers that includes both a static model to describe the spatial distribution of permeability as a function of fracture type and foliation intensity and a dynamic model that describes how hydromechanical coupling impacts permeability magnitude as a function of hydraulic head fluctuation. This model captures important geologic controls on permeability magnitude, anisotropy, and transience and therefor offers potentially more reliable history matching and forecasts of different water management strategies, such as resource evaluation, well placement, permeability prediction, and evaluating remediation strategies.  相似文献   

广西合浦盆地干热岩资源成热条件及潜力评价     

康志强  张起钻  管彦武  冯波  袁金福  孙明行  刘德民  王新宇  杨志强  陆济璞  张勤军  冯民豪 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2020,50(4):1151-1160

为了对广西合浦盆地干热岩资源成热条件及其潜力进行评价，利用广西航磁勘查数据，采用Parker-Oldenburg法反演计算了居里面深度。在此基础上进行大地热流密度值和不同埋深地温计算，发现计算结果与现有测温资料吻合，合浦盆地内西场凹陷和常乐凹陷具有干热岩资源成生条件。结合合浦盆地内基础地质调查资料和油气钻孔资料，分析了合浦盆地干热岩资源的储层和盖层条件。初步圈出2个位于西场凹陷和常乐凹陷的干热岩勘查靶区C1和C2，面积分别为167.10和72.90 km²，干热岩资源量分别为182.48×10¹⁵、77.59×10¹⁵ J。按20%的采收率，合浦盆地干热岩资源量可开采量为52.01×10¹⁵ J，折合标准煤177.48×10⁴ t，占2018年广西全区能源生产总量3 756.69×10⁴ t标准煤的4.72%。在资源量评价基础上，可优先考虑位于合浦盆地西场凹陷的C1靶区开展进一步的勘探工作。  相似文献   

Hydrological regulation of chemical weathering and dissolved inorganic carbon biogeochemical processes in a monsoonal river     

Jing Liu  Jun Zhong  Hu Ding  Fu-Jun Yue  Cai Li  Sen Xu  Si-Liang Li 《水文研究》2020,34(12):2780-2792

To better understand the mechanisms relating to hydrological regulations of chemical weathering processes and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) behaviours, high-frequency sampling campaigns and associated analyses were conducted in the Yu River, South China. Hydrological variability modifies the biogeochemical processes of dissolved solutes, so major ions display different behaviours in response to discharge change. Most ions become diluted with increasing discharge because of the shortened reactive time between rock and water under high-flow conditions. Carbonate weathering is the main source of major ions, which shows strong chemostatic behaviour in response to changes in discharge. Ions from silicate weathering exhibit a significant dilution effect relative to the carbonate-sourced ions. Under high temperatures, the increased soil CO₂ influx from the mineralisation of organic material shifts the negative carbon isotope ratios of DIC (δ¹³C_DIC) during the high-flow season. The δ¹³C_DIC values show a higher sensitivity than DIC contents in response to various hydrological conditions. Results from a modified isotope-mixing model (IsoSource) demonstrate that biological carbon is a dominant source of DIC and plays an important role in temporal carbon dynamics. Furthermore, this study provides insights into chemical weathering processes and carbon dynamics, highlighting the significant influence of hydrological variability to aid understanding of the global carbon cycle.  相似文献   

黔中—渝南铝土矿含矿岩系微量元素区域分布特征及物质来源探讨          下载免费PDF全文

刘平  韩忠华  廖友常  聂坤 《贵州地质》2020,37(1):1-13

黔中—渝南成矿带石炭纪铝土矿含矿岩系,分别形成于修文、息烽—遵义和黔北—渝南三个沉积区,大多数铝土矿属产于碳酸盐岩侵蚀面上的、少数为产于泥页岩侵蚀面上的硬水铝石沉积型铝土矿床。修文沉积区铝土矿中Zr、RE2O3含量最多,息烽—遵义沉积区铝土矿中Ga含量最多,黔北—渝南沉积区Li含量最多,各有特色。修文沉积区铝土矿含矿岩系的母岩,是其下伏寒武系碳酸盐岩与下奥陶统页岩、灰岩、白云岩;息烽—遵义沉积区含矿岩系的母岩为下伏下奥陶统页岩、灰岩及白云岩;黔北—渝南沉积区含矿岩系的母岩,是下伏下志留统泥、页岩和上石炭统石灰岩。碳酸盐岩中Al2O3与稳定的微量元素含量甚少,要演变成大面积铝土矿,必须要配以足够的含Al2O3和微量元素较多的泥、页岩,才可能满足形成大规模铝土矿的物质需求。  相似文献   

分形岩石裂隙中渗流扩散运动的试验研究     

崔溦  邹旭  李正  江志安  谢武 《岩土力学》2020,41(11):3553-3562

由于存在大量粗糙不规则裂隙，使得岩体中流体运动极为复杂。针对天然粗糙岩石裂隙渗流试验存在物理模型隐蔽性和不可重复性等难点，基于三维Weierstrass-Mandelbrot分形函数构建了粗糙节理面的裂隙通道，采用3D打印技术获得了透明精细的裂隙模型，使用微流体控制仪研究了不同试验条件下的裂隙渗流扩散运动，分析了裂隙通道流量与压力水头、裂隙宽度和分形维数之间的关系。研究结果表明：与平行板立方定律近似，在分形裂隙中，裂隙通道流量与压力水头成线性关系；单宽流量与裂隙通道的宽度成近似的三次方关系；考虑分形维数影响时，相同条件下流过裂隙通道的流量随着分形维数的增加而增加；粗糙裂隙渗流立方定律可采用与分形维数相关的幂指数函数进行修正。  相似文献